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???? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????�????, ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????¹ ???? ? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????�???, ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????, ???????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????, ???? ?? ?????? ???????????�????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ???�???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???�???????.

??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???, ???? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????????. ?? ???????, ??? ??�??? ?? ??????????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????, ?????????? ???? ????????�??? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??????, ??? ?????????? ?? ???????. ????????? ? Wald- ??? ? Feldkult, ??? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????, ???? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? Wilhelm Mannhardt ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????? (1875-7), ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????. ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ? ???????* ?.?. ? ?????????? ?????? �???-????� ?????????? ? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????, ??�??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ???�?????? ????? ??? ???????" ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????�???? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????????, ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????????? ? ??? ???????????? ??? ???�???? ??? ?????, ? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????????.

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?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???�??? ?????????? ??????? ????????, ?? ????? ?????????, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???, ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????�????? ????????? ??????, ??????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????, ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????, ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? �? ?????? ?? ???????????� ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????. ????????? ??? ?? ????�????, ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ?, ??????, ?? ????? ?? ????????????, ???? ?? ?? ???????, ??????, ???�??? ? ?????????????? ???? ??????.

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?????????? ? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? 1910 ???, ?????, ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????. ??' ????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????�?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?. ?. ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????¹³, ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??�??? ? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?. ?????? ??????¹⁴. ?????�??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????, ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???, ???????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????, ????????? ?????? ?? ????????????¹⁵. ? ????????? ??? ????? ??????????: ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????�??? ?? ????? ?????? (??????????? ?? ??????? ????????) ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?, ???????????, ?? ???????? ??????, ???? ?? ????????? ????. ?? ??????? ????? ??????, ?? ???????? ?????, ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????, ?????? ?????????, ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??' ?????¹⁶. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????, ????????, ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ?? ????????? ????. ?? ?????? ?????? ???? 10 ?? 30 ????? (?????? ???. ???????�????), ????? ?? ?????? �??????�.

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? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????: ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????????, �?????????????�, ??? ???�????? ?? ????????, ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????. ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?. ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?

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